Passive Participation in Collaborative Online Learning Activities: A Scoping Review of Research in Formal School Learning Settings

This scoping review summarizes studies on passive participation in collaborative online learning activities that used computer-mediated communication tools school settings. A total of 42 articles spanning about 20 years were explored. ERIC and three main journal indexes from Web Science to locate articles. For each year searched, there only one five investigated participation, indicating not many researchers have examined this topic general. Most mixed methods conducted higher education settings asynchronous discussions. Three terms been discuss the notion participation: lurking for read-only behavior, legitimate peripheral low contribution, free riding no contribution. Studies mainly explored four topical areas: motivational factors reasons, types behavioral patterns, effect outcomes, pedagogical strategies de-lurking. as behavior patterns among various participation. few solely behaviors. The varies should therefore be redefined. Overall, those reveal some inconsistencies their findings, requires further investigation. Future are urgently needed due forced shift courses precipitated by pandemic. While instructors also responsible supporting learners unprecedented context, investigate ways help better understand participants encourage active learner space.